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history of the bicycle
Vehicles for human transport that have two wheels and require balancing by the rider date back to the early 19th century. The first means of transport making use of two wheels arranged consecutively, and thus the archetype of the bicycle, was the German ''draisine'' dating back to 1817. The term ''bicycle'' was coined in France in the 1860s.
==Earliest unverified history==
There are several early but unverified claims for the invention of bicycle-like machines.
The earliest comes from a sketch said to be from 1493 and attributed to Gian Giacomo Caprotti, a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci. In 1998 Hans-Erhard Lessing described this as a purposeful fraud.〔Lessing, Hans-Erhard: "The evidence against Leonardo's bicycle", ''Cycle History'' 8, San Francisco 1998, pp. 49-56〕〔(Leonardo da Vinci Bicycle Hoax )〕 However, the authenticity of the bicycle sketch is still vigorously maintained by followers of Prof. Augusto Marinoni, a lexicographer and philologist, who was entrusted by the Commissione Vinciana of Rome with the transcription of da Vinci's Codex Atlanticus.〔(On the question of Leonardo's 'bicycle' )〕
Later, and equally unverified, is the contention that ''Comte'' de Sivrac developed a ''célérifère'' in 1791, demonstrating it at the Palais-Royal in France. The ''célérifère'' supposedly had two wheels set on a rigid wooden frame and no steering, directional control being limited to that attainable by leaning. A rider was said to have sat astride the machine and pushed it along using alternate feet. It is now thought that the two-wheeled ''célérifère'' never existed (though there were four-wheelers) and it was instead a misinterpretation by the well-known French journalist Louis Baudry de Saunier in 1891.〔Seray, Jacques: ''Deux Roues. La véritable histoire du vélo.'' Éditions du Rouergue 1988, 13-17〕〔An earlier English version appeared as "The End of De Sivrac" in ''The Boneshaker'' #85(1977)〕
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